Key Concepts

This guide explains the core terminology and concepts you'll encounter throughout TrustGate. Understanding these terms will help you navigate the platform effectively, whether you're a compliance officer reviewing cases or a developer integrating our APIs.

Terminology Format

We use the format "TrustGate Term (Industry Term)" throughout this documentation for searchability. For example, "Applicant (User/Individual)" helps you find information whether you search for "applicant" or "user."

People & Entities

Applicant (User/Individual)

An Applicant is a person undergoing KYC (Know Your Customer) verification. This is the individual whose identity you are verifying.

Key Attributes:

Personal information (name, date of birth, email, phone)
Nationality and country of residence
Address details
Verification status: pending, in_progress, review, approved, rejected, withdrawn
Risk score (0-100)
Risk flags: pep, sanctions, adverse_media, high_risk_country

Example API Response:

{
  "id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
  "first_name": "John",
  "last_name": "Smith",
  "email": "john.smith@example.com",
  "status": "approved",
  "risk_score": 25,
  "flags": []
}

Company (Business Entity)

A Company is an organization undergoing KYB (Know Your Business) verification. Companies require verification of their legal status, ownership structure, and beneficial owners.

Key Attributes:

Legal name and trading name
Registration number and tax ID
Incorporation date and country
Legal form (LLC, Corp, Ltd, GmbH, etc.)
Registered and business addresses
Industry and business description
Verification status: pending, in_review, approved, rejected, withdrawn

Example API Response:

{
  "id": "660e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001",
  "legal_name": "Acme Corporation Ltd",
  "registration_number": "12345678",
  "incorporation_country": "US",
  "status": "in_review",
  "ubo_count": 2
}

Beneficial Owner / UBO (Ultimate Beneficial Owner)

A Beneficial Owner (also called UBO) is an individual who owns or controls a significant portion of a company. Regulatory requirements typically define this as 25% or more ownership or voting rights.

Key Attributes:

Full name and date of birth
Nationality and country of residence
Ownership percentage and type (direct, indirect, control)
Voting rights percentage
Roles: director, shareholder, signatory, legal representative
Verification status: pending, verified, failed, linked
Link to individual KYC (if the UBO is also verified as an Applicant)

Ownership Types:

Direct: Directly owns shares in the company
Indirect: Owns shares through another entity
Control: Has control through voting rights or other mechanisms

Verification Components

Workflow (Verification Level)

A Workflow defines the configurable verification process for applicants. Workflows determine which verification steps are required and how decisions are routed.

Components:

Steps required (document upload, liveness check, screening, etc.)
Risk thresholds for auto-approval
Escalation rules
SLA timings

Example Workflow Rules:

Rule Name	Conditions	Action
Auto-approve low risk	`risk_level = low`, no hits	`auto_approve`
Escalate sanctions hits	`has_sanctions_hit = true`	`escalate`
Review high-risk countries	`country in [KP, IR, SY]`	`manual_review`

Step (Verification Step)

A Step is an individual verification task within an applicant's workflow. Each step represents a discrete action that must be completed.

Step Types:

document - ID document upload and verification
liveness - Liveness/selfie verification
selfie - Photo capture for face matching
address - Address verification
phone - Phone number verification
email - Email verification
screening - AML/sanctions screening

Step Statuses:

pending - Not yet started
in_progress - Currently being processed
complete - Successfully finished
failed - Failed verification (may allow retry)
skipped - Skipped based on workflow rules

Document (Identity Document)

A Document is a file uploaded for verification, typically an identity document like a passport, ID card, or driver's license.

Supported Document Types:

Passport
National ID card
Driver's license
Residence permit
Utility bill (for address verification)
Bank statement

Document Statuses:

pending - Awaiting processing
processing - OCR/verification in progress
verified - Successfully verified
rejected - Failed verification
expired - Document has passed its expiry date

Extracted Data: Documents are processed with OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to extract:

Full name
Date of birth
Document number
Issue and expiry dates
Nationality
MRZ data (for passports)

Screening & Monitoring

Screening Check (AML Check)

A Screening Check is a search run against sanctions, PEP, and adverse media databases. Each check searches for potential matches against the provided name and other identifiers.

Check Types:

sanctions - Sanctions list screening (OFAC, EU, UN, etc.)
pep - Politically Exposed Person screening
adverse_media - Negative news and media screening

Check Statuses:

pending - Check is queued
clear - No matches found
hit - One or more potential matches found
error - Check failed (network issue, etc.)

Screening Hit (Match/Alert)

A Screening Hit is a potential match found during a screening check. Hits require review to determine if they represent a true match or a false positive.

Key Attributes:

Matched name and entity ID from the source list
Confidence score (0-100) based on fuzzy matching
Hit type: sanctions, pep, adverse_media
Source list and version (e.g., "OFAC-SDN-2025-11-27")
Resolution status: pending, confirmed_true, confirmed_false

PEP Tiers:

Tier 1: Heads of state, senior politicians, supreme court justices
Tier 2: Regional governors, ambassadors, senior military
Tier 3: Mayors, local politicians, mid-level officials
Tier 4: Family members and close associates of Tiers 1-3

Confidence Levels:

Score Range	Level	Description
90-100	Very High	Strong name and data match
75-89	High	Good match, minor variations
50-74	Medium	Partial match, review recommended
0-49	Low	Weak match, likely false positive

Monitoring Alert (Ongoing Alert)

A Monitoring Alert is generated when an already-verified applicant triggers a new screening hit during ongoing monitoring. This happens when watchlists are updated and a previously clear applicant now matches a new entry.

Alert Priorities:

critical - Sanctions match detected
high - PEP Tier 1-2 match detected
medium - PEP Tier 3-4 or adverse media match
low - Low-confidence matches

Case Management

Case (Investigation)

A Case is a review ticket created when hits require investigation or manual review is needed. Cases provide a structured workflow for compliance officers to investigate and resolve issues.

Case Types:

sanctions - Sanctions hit investigation
pep - PEP hit investigation
fraud - Suspected fraud investigation
aml - General AML concern
verification - Document/identity verification issue

Case Statuses:

open - Newly created, awaiting assignment
in_progress - Actively being investigated
pending_info - Waiting for additional information
resolved - Investigation complete
escalated - Escalated to senior reviewer
closed - Case closed (no further action)

Case Priorities:

critical - Requires immediate attention (sanctions)
high - Review within 24 hours
medium - Review within 72 hours
low - Review within 1 week

Risk Assessment

Risk Score (Risk Rating)

The Risk Score is a 0-100 numeric assessment of an applicant's overall risk level. Higher scores indicate higher risk.

Risk Levels:

Score Range	Level	Typical Action
0-30	Low	Auto-approve (if enabled)
31-60	Medium	Manual review recommended
61-80	High	Enhanced due diligence required
81-100	Critical	Escalate to senior compliance

Risk Signal Categories: Risk scores are calculated from weighted signals across these categories:

Category	Weight	Examples
AML (Screening)	40%	Sanctions hits, PEP matches, adverse media
Document	20%	Rejected documents, expired IDs, low OCR confidence
Country	15%	FATF grey/black list countries, high-risk jurisdictions
Address	10%	Unverified address, high-risk area
Identity	10%	Missing information, data mismatches
Device	5%	VPN usage, suspicious IP, datacenter access

Risk Factors (Risk Signals)

Risk Factors are individual signals that contribute to the overall risk score. Each factor has a name, score contribution, and source.

Common Risk Factors:

sanctions_hit - Match on sanctions list
pep_hit - Politically exposed person match
adverse_media - Negative media coverage
high_risk_country - Nationality or residence in FATF-listed country
document_rejected - ID document failed verification
vpn_detected - Applicant using VPN or proxy
disposable_email - Temporary email address used

Fraud Prevention

Device Intel (Device Fingerprinting)

Device Intel captures fraud signals from the applicant's device, IP address, email, and phone number to detect suspicious activity.

Fraud Signals:

Signal	Description	Risk Impact
`vpn`	VPN detected	+20 points
`proxy`	Proxy server detected	+20 points
`tor`	TOR exit node detected	+30 points
`bot`	Automated bot detected	+40 points
`datacenter`	Datacenter IP (cloud providers)	+10 points
`disposable_email`	Temporary email service	+15 points
`voip_phone`	VOIP phone number	+10 points
`recent_abuse`	IP/email associated with abuse	+25 points

Portability

A KYC Share Token allows an approved applicant to share their verified identity with other businesses without re-verifying. This enables portable identity across platforms.

Key Features:

Configurable permissions (basic info, ID verification, address, screening results)
Expiration date (max 90 days)
Usage limits (max 10 uses per token)
Revocable at any time
Full access logging for audit

Available Permissions:

Permission	Data Shared
`basic_info`	Name and date of birth
`id_verification`	ID type, number, verification status
`address`	Verified address
`screening`	AML/sanctions screening result
`documents`	Access to verified document metadata
`full`	All verification data

Audit & Compliance

Audit Log (Activity Log)

The Audit Log provides a tamper-evident record of all actions taken in the system. Logs are chain-hashed to prevent modification and support regulatory audits.

Logged Events:

Applicant created/updated/deleted
Document uploaded/verified/rejected
Screening check initiated/completed
Hit resolved
Case created/assigned/resolved
User login/logout
Settings changed

API Concepts

Tenant (Organization)

A Tenant is an organization using TrustGate. Multi-tenancy ensures complete data isolation between different customers.

External ID (Customer Reference)

The External ID is your internal identifier for an applicant or company. Use this to link TrustGate records to your own database.

Webhook (Event Notification)

Webhooks deliver real-time notifications when events occur (applicant approved, screening hit found, etc.). Configure webhook endpoints in Settings > Integrations.

Quick Reference

TrustGate Term	Industry Term	Description
Applicant	User/Individual	Person undergoing KYC
Company	Business Entity	Organization undergoing KYB
Beneficial Owner	UBO	Individual owning 25%+ of company
Screening Check	AML Check	Search against watchlists
Screening Hit	Match/Alert	Potential watchlist match
Case	Investigation	Review ticket for hits
Workflow	Verification Level	Configurable verification process
Step	Verification Step	Individual verification task
Risk Score	Risk Rating	0-100 risk assessment
Device Intel	Device Fingerprinting	Fraud detection signals
KYC Share Token	Reusable KYC	Portable verified identity

Next Steps

Now that you understand the key concepts:

Quick Start Guide - Create your first applicant
Dashboard Tour - Explore the interface
API Reference - Integrate via API

People & Entities​

Applicant (User/Individual)​

Company (Business Entity)​

Beneficial Owner / UBO (Ultimate Beneficial Owner)​

Verification Components​

Workflow (Verification Level)​

Step (Verification Step)​

Document (Identity Document)​

Screening & Monitoring​

Screening Check (AML Check)​

Screening Hit (Match/Alert)​

Monitoring Alert (Ongoing Alert)​

Case Management​

Case (Investigation)​

Risk Assessment​

Risk Score (Risk Rating)​

Risk Factors (Risk Signals)​

Fraud Prevention​

Device Intel (Device Fingerprinting)​

Portability​

KYC Share Token (Reusable KYC / Portable Identity)​

Audit & Compliance​

Audit Log (Activity Log)​

API Concepts​

Tenant (Organization)​

External ID (Customer Reference)​

Webhook (Event Notification)​

Quick Reference​

Next Steps​

People & Entities

Applicant (User/Individual)

Company (Business Entity)

Beneficial Owner / UBO (Ultimate Beneficial Owner)

Verification Components

Workflow (Verification Level)

Step (Verification Step)

Document (Identity Document)

Screening & Monitoring

Screening Check (AML Check)

Screening Hit (Match/Alert)

Monitoring Alert (Ongoing Alert)

Case Management

Case (Investigation)

Risk Assessment

Risk Score (Risk Rating)

Risk Factors (Risk Signals)

Fraud Prevention

Device Intel (Device Fingerprinting)

Portability

KYC Share Token (Reusable KYC / Portable Identity)

Audit & Compliance

Audit Log (Activity Log)

API Concepts

Tenant (Organization)

External ID (Customer Reference)

Webhook (Event Notification)

Quick Reference

Next Steps